sampleneurogenesis
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This product is sold strictly for in lab conditions (in vitro) research purposes. Not approved for human consumption.
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P21
CNTF-Derived Neurogenic Peptide | Cognitive Enhancement & Neuroprotection
In short
Studied for how it may help your brain grow new cells, potentially supporting your memory, learning, and overall mental clarity.
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P21 is a synthetic peptide derived from the active region of the human ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). At the molecular level, it is specifically modified to easily cross the blood-brain barrier, where it stimulates the formation of new neurons and enhances synaptic plasticity. Scientists are investigating this molecule in preclinical animal models to explore its effects on neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and traumatic brain injuries. This product is a research-grade chemical, not an approved medication, and is intended strictly for laboratory purposes.
Research reagent for laboratory use only. Not a medicine. For medical questions, consult a physician.
Scientific review
Written by
Калина Тодорова
Magister Pharmaciae, MSc Pharmacy
Reviewed by
Борис Маринов
MSc Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Reviewed on
P21 (also known as P021) is a synthetic tetrapeptide derived from the biologically active region of human ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). Featuring an adamantylated glycine modification for enhanced blood-brain barrier penetration and metabolic stability, P21 promotes neurogenesis, enhances synaptic plasticity, and has shown significant cognitive benefits in preclinical models of Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injury, and age-related cognitive decline.
CNTF minimal active sequence BDNF mRNA +40-60% in hippocampus (Bolognin 2014) Neuronal survival - 50-70% reduced amyloid-β-induced death Stimulation of neurogenesis
Intranasal administration exploits the direct anatomical connection between nasal mucosa and brain via olfactory and trigeminal nerve pathways. This provides rapid CNS delivery while minimizing systemic exposure. P21's lipophilic adamantane modification enhances mucosal absorption and subsequent brain penetration.
Intranasal route may provide faster onset of cognitive effects compared to subcutaneous administration due to direct CNS delivery.
Users report enhanced focus, mental clarity, and sustained attention with intranasal P21 administration.
Enhanced memory consolidation and recall through direct hippocampal access via nasal route.
Dosing
The typical regimens you'll see in the published research - for reference when planning in vitro or in vivo experiments. Not medical advice.
Disclaimer
These are regimens discussed in the research literature, not medical advice. Consult a healthcare provider before use.
Timing
Morning or as needed for acute effects
[Calculator]
Change water and dose · results update in real time
from product
Visual indicator
Pull to mark 10
10marks
Standard insulin syringe 1 ml (100 marks)
Concentration
2.50mg/ml
Dose volume
0.100ml
U-100 units
10units
Doses per vial
20doses
Recommended needle
29G–30G / 1 ml insulin
Small volume — draw slowly; 30G works for finer precision
Cycle planner: vials for 12 weeks, cost, schedule
Opens full calculator
Results are reference values - for in vitro work. Verify against the published literature for the specific peptide.
[Step by step]
6 steps from a sealed vial to the injection. Plain language.
Peptide vial (5 mg), bacteriostatic water vial, 1 larger syringe (3-5 ml) for drawing water and 1 insulin (1 ml) for doses. Alcohol swabs for sanitizing the caps.
Wash your hands before starting.
Wipe the rubber cap of the water vial with an alcohol swab. Insert the needle, invert the vial and draw exactly 2 ml. Get the exact volume from the calculator.
Larger syringe = smaller error in volume.
Wipe the peptide vial cap. Tilt the vial 45° and release the water SLOWLY down the inner wall. Peptides are fragile — a direct stream onto the powder denatures them.
SLOWLY · DOWN THE WALL · NOT ONTO THE POWDER.
Hold the vial between both palms and swirl slowly. DO NOT shake or flip sharply — peptides break down under mechanical stress.
DON'T SHAKE. Like tea — not like a cocktail.
The powder should fully dissolve. The solution is clear, no visible particles. If cloudy or with sediment — discard (wrong water or bad batch).
Clear = OK. Cloudy = discard.
With the insulin syringe draw the exact marks from the calculator. Swab the skin (abdomen 5 cm around the navel, thigh, or buttock), pinch a fold, insert at 45-90° and inject slowly.
Rotate sites every injection to avoid lipohypertrophy.
Schedule
Morning or as needed for acute effects
Reconstitute P21 with appropriate volume of BAC water or sterile saline
Calculate concentration for desired dose per spray (typically 0.1mL per spray)
Transfer reconstituted solution to clean nasal spray bottle
Prime spray bottle before first use
Administer one spray per nostril as calculated
Store in refrigerator at 2-8°C between uses
Use within 14-21 days for optimal potency
Use sterile nasal spray equipment
Clear nasal passages before administration
May cause temporary nasal irritation
CRITICAL: No human clinical trials have been conducted
Start with lower doses to assess tolerance
Consult healthcare provider before use
All benefits are based on preclinical and anecdotal data
References
Links to peer-reviewed publications on PubMed, cited in the peptide's scientific profile.
Original P21 Discovery Study - Neurogenesis and Memory Enhancement (2010)
Mice | C57Bl6 | IP administration | 4 weeks | Enhanced learning, memory, and neurogenesis
Original study demonstrating P21 (Ac-DGGLAG-NH2) enhanced learning and both short-term and spatial reference memories in normal adult mice. P21 induced enhancement of neurogenesis and maturation of newly born neurons in the dentate gyrus, increased synaptophysin and synapsin I expression.
View the study3xTg-AD Alzheimer's Model - Long-term Efficacy (2014)
Mice | 3xTg-AD | 60 nmol/g feed oral | 6-12 months | Tau reduction, BDNF increase, cognitive rescue
P021 treatment significantly reduced abnormal tau hyperphosphorylation, increased BDNF expression, rescued neurogenesis deficits, and improved cognitive function in triple-transgenic Alzheimer's mice. Effects mediated via BDNF/TrkB/PI3K/AKT/GSK3β pathway.
View the studyTraumatic Brain Injury Enhancement Study
Mice | C57Bl6 | CCI model | 50 nmol/animal/day | 30 days | Neurogenesis and memory recovery
In controlled cortical impact TBI model, Peptide 6 (P21 parent) increased newborn neurons in dentate gyrus by 80%, reversed TBI-induced dendritic and synaptic density loss, and improved memory recall on behavioral testing.
View the study18-Month Chronic Safety and Efficacy Study
Mice | 3xTg-AD and wild-type | Oral | 18 months | Prevention of neurodegeneration
Long-term P021 treatment starting at 3 months prevented neurodegeneration, Aβ and tau pathologies, rescued episodic memory impairment, and markedly reduced mortality rate in 3xTg-AD mice. No adverse effects observed.
View the studyCDKL5 Deficiency Disorder Study (2024)
Mice and cell culture | CDKL5 KO | Various doses | In vitro efficacy, limited in vivo benefit
P021 restored neuronal proliferation, survival, and maturation in human CDKL5-deficient cell models via GSK3β pathway normalization. However, in vivo treatment in CDKL5 KO mice showed limited benefit, suggesting disease-specific limitations.
View the studySynaptic Protein and Glutamate Receptor Enhancement
Mice | 3xTg-AD | Oral P021 | Enhanced NMDA/AMPA receptor expression
P021 treatment significantly increased levels of GluN2A, GluA1, GluA2+3 subunits of NMDA and AMPA receptors in hippocampus, contributing to enhanced synaptic plasticity and learning capacity.
View the study
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