samplemitochondrial function
98%+ · 5mg · Lyophilized · MW: 639.82
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This product is sold strictly for in lab conditions (in vitro) research purposes. Not approved for human consumption.
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SS-31 (Elamipretide)
Mitochondrial-Targeted Peptide | Cardiolipin Protector
In short
Cell-penetrating tetrapeptide studied for stabilizing cardiolipin and optimizing inner mitochondrial membrane function.
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SS-31 (also known as elamipretide) is a small synthetic tetrapeptide designed to specifically target the mitochondria within cells. At the molecular level, it binds to cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, protecting it from oxidative damage and optimizing the electron transport chain for cellular energy production. Researchers are studying this molecule in in vitro and animal models to evaluate its mechanisms in the context of mitochondrial dysfunction. This compound is strictly for laboratory research purposes and is not an approved medication or product for human consumption.
Research reagent for laboratory use only. Not a medicine. For medical questions, consult a physician.
Scientific review
Written by
Калина Тодорова
Magister Pharmaciae, MSc Pharmacy
Reviewed by
Борис Маринов
MSc Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Reviewed on
SS-31, also known as Elamipretide or Bendavia, is a small aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide that selectively targets mitochondria. Unlike traditional antioxidants, SS-31 specifically binds to cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, protecting it from oxidative damage and improving cellular energy production. This unique mechanism makes it particularly promising for age-related conditions, heart disease, and mitochondrial disorders.
Mitochondrial-targeted - 1000x concentration in IMM Cardiolipin stabilization Phase 3 for primary mitochondrial myopathy 6-min walk +50-100 m (MMPOWER)
Selectively binds to cardiolipin in inner mitochondrial membrane, preventing lipid peroxidation and optimizing electron transport chain function
Improves mitochondrial efficiency and cellular energy generation
Protects against reactive oxygen species at the source
Shows promise for various mitochondrial disorders
Dosing
The typical regimens you'll see in the published research - for reference when planning in vitro or in vivo experiments. Not medical advice.
Disclaimer
These are regimens discussed in the research literature, not medical advice. Consult a healthcare provider before use.
Timing
Morning for general use, pre-workout for performance, or as directed for clinical protocols
[Calculator]
Change water and dose · results update in real time
from product
Visual indicator
Pull to mark 10
10marks
Standard insulin syringe 1 ml (100 marks)
Concentration
2.50mg/ml
Dose volume
0.100ml
U-100 units
10units
Doses per vial
20doses
Recommended needle
29G–30G / 1 ml insulin
Small volume — draw slowly; 30G works for finer precision
Cycle planner: vials for 12 weeks, cost, schedule
Opens full calculator
Results are reference values - for in vitro work. Verify against the published literature for the specific peptide.
[Step by step]
6 steps from a sealed vial to the injection. Plain language.
Peptide vial (5 mg), bacteriostatic water vial, 1 larger syringe (3-5 ml) for drawing water and 1 insulin (1 ml) for doses. Alcohol swabs for sanitizing the caps.
Wash your hands before starting.
Wipe the rubber cap of the water vial with an alcohol swab. Insert the needle, invert the vial and draw exactly 2 ml. Get the exact volume from the calculator.
Larger syringe = smaller error in volume.
Wipe the peptide vial cap. Tilt the vial 45° and release the water SLOWLY down the inner wall. Peptides are fragile — a direct stream onto the powder denatures them.
SLOWLY · DOWN THE WALL · NOT ONTO THE POWDER.
Hold the vial between both palms and swirl slowly. DO NOT shake or flip sharply — peptides break down under mechanical stress.
DON'T SHAKE. Like tea — not like a cocktail.
The powder should fully dissolve. The solution is clear, no visible particles. If cloudy or with sediment — discard (wrong water or bad batch).
Clear = OK. Cloudy = discard.
With the insulin syringe draw the exact marks from the calculator. Swab the skin (abdomen 5 cm around the navel, thigh, or buttock), pinch a fold, insert at 45-90° and inject slowly.
Rotate sites every injection to avoid lipohypertrophy.
Schedule
Morning for general use, pre-workout for performance, or as directed for clinical protocols
Clean vial top with alcohol pad
Add appropriate amount of bacteriostatic water (typically 1-2mL per 10mg)
Gently swirl to dissolve - SS-31 dissolves readily
Solution should be clear and colorless
For IV use, may require sterile filtration
Label with concentration and date
Store in refrigerator immediately
Excellent safety profile in clinical trials
No significant side effects reported at therapeutic doses
May cause mild injection site reactions
Monitor for allergic reactions (very rare)
Safe for long-term use based on current data
No known drug interactions
References
Links to peer-reviewed publications on PubMed, cited in the peptide's scientific profile.
Barth Syndrome Clinical Trial - FDA Approval (2025)
Human | 40mg daily | Phase 3 | FDA Approved
Led to FDA accelerated approval of FORZINITY (elamipretide) in September 2025 - the first mitochondrial-targeting therapy approved. Indicated for improving muscle strength in Barth syndrome patients ≥30kg.
Phase 2 Trial for Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy (2018)
Human | 40mg daily | 12 weeks | 36 patients
Showed significant improvements in 6-minute walk test and fatigue scores in patients with mitochondrial myopathies, with excellent safety profile and no serious adverse events.
Cardioprotection in Heart Failure Model (2019)
Human | 0.25mg/kg/hr infusion | During cardiac surgery
Reduced cardiac injury markers and improved mitochondrial function in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, suggesting powerful cardioprotective effects.
Age-Related Muscle Dysfunction Study (2020)
Animal model | Various doses | 8 weeks | Aged mice
Reversed age-related decline in muscle function, increased ATP production, and reduced oxidative stress in skeletal muscle of aged mice.
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